This chapter examined audit procedures associated with the expenditure cycle. It began with a review of alternative technologies used in both legacy and modern systems. The focus was on the key operational tasks that constitute the purchases, cash disbursement, and payroll procedures. The second section explained expenditure cycle audit objectives, controls, and tests of controls that an auditor normally performs. Evidence from such procedures is used to determine the nature, timing, and extent of substantive tests. The last section described substantive tests in relation to expenditure cycle assertions based upon ACL software applications.