Calculated methane production based on molar VFA according to Moss et al. (2000) in present study showed that methane production was reduced and was in agreement with in vitro (Sallam et al., 2009) and in vivo (Wang et al., 2009). Modification of the fermentative profiles could be a result of inhibition of Archae (methanogens) and gram positive rumen microbes (i.e., acetate producers) as reviewed by Benchaar and Greathead (2011). In addition, this was accompanied with a reduction of protozoa count by ELM supplementation treatments, which could further explain the decreased methane production since ruminal protozoa provide a habitat for methanogens.