CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
The finding of this series of meta-analyses is that breastfeeding
could be considered a protective factor against
malocclusions. A relevant difference in the magnitude of
this association was noted when high-quality studies were
compared with the overall analysis. It is possible to presume
that low- and middle-quality studies overestimated the
effects of breastfeeding, influencing the combined results. In
addition, the lack of information on whether children were
fed with breast milk at the breast or in a bottle may be
considered as a potential confounder. Also, the fact that the
greatest association was selected from each study may have
resulted in a large overall effect. However, all associations
of the same study did not vary greatly. Results from this
specific meta-analysis also showed that breastfeeding
played an important role in the prevention of anterior open
bite, regardless of the quality of the studies. These beneficial
effects however were not observed on posterior cross-bite.
Exclusive breastfeeding also has a beneficial impact on
nonspecific malocclusions. However, this effect was not
observed when anterior open bite and posterior cross-bite
were analysed separately. Exclusive breastfeeding might
have an impact on other malocclusions, supporting the
need for more studies exploring types of malocclusion other
than anterior open bite and posterior cross-bite. Even
though a protective effect of exclusive breastfeeding was
demonstrated, it is worth pointing out that only nine studies
were included in this category, suggesting that more studies
dealing with this type of breastfeeding should be conducted.
Finally, with regard to the duration of breastfeeding, our
results revealed that longer duration of breastfeeding is a
protective factor against nonspecific malocclusion, as well
as for anterior open bite and posterior cross-bite, regardless
of the quality of studies. These results support the idea that
prolonged breastfeeding has a positive impact on preventing
malocclusions, regardless of type.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONSThe finding of this series of meta-analyses is that breastfeedingcould be considered a protective factor againstmalocclusions. A relevant difference in the magnitude ofthis association was noted when high-quality studies werecompared with the overall analysis. It is possible to presumethat low- and middle-quality studies overestimated theeffects of breastfeeding, influencing the combined results. Inaddition, the lack of information on whether children werefed with breast milk at the breast or in a bottle may beconsidered as a potential confounder. Also, the fact that thegreatest association was selected from each study may haveresulted in a large overall effect. However, all associationsof the same study did not vary greatly. Results from thisspecific meta-analysis also showed that breastfeedingplayed an important role in the prevention of anterior openbite, regardless of the quality of the studies. These beneficialeffects however were not observed on posterior cross-bite.Exclusive breastfeeding also has a beneficial impact onnonspecific malocclusions. However, this effect was notobserved when anterior open bite and posterior cross-bitewere analysed separately. Exclusive breastfeeding mighthave an impact on other malocclusions, supporting theneed for more studies exploring types of malocclusion otherthan anterior open bite and posterior cross-bite. Evenว่ามีผลป้องกันของนมพิเศษแสดงให้เห็น เป็นมูลค่าชี้ที่ศึกษาเก้าเท่านั้นรวมอยู่ในประเภทนี้ แนะนำที่ ศึกษาเพิ่มเติมควรดำเนินการจัดการกับการเลี้ยงลูกด้วยนมชนิดนี้ในที่สุด เกี่ยวกับระยะเวลาการให้นมบุตร ของเราผลการเปิดเผยว่า เป็นระยะเวลานานของนมปัจจัยป้องกันกับเจาะจง malocclusion เช่นสำหรับกัดเปิดด้านหน้าและหลังข้ามกัด ไม่คุณภาพของการศึกษา ผลลัพธ์เหล่านี้สนับสนุนความคิดที่นมแม่เป็นเวลานานได้ผลดีในการป้องกันฟัน โดยไม่คำนึงถึงชนิด
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