Given the various advantageous and disadvantageous implications of individual design
parameters for coordination, learning, and trust described in the last section, combinations
of these parameters to enable and balance connection and direction can stand in some tension.
For example, the deeper the connection between partners, the more costly and ineffectual
high levels of centralization and formalization tend to be. At the same time, deeper
connections due to stronger interfaces and intrafaces also represent more organizational
complexity in the alliance, which requires some degree of formalization and centralization
for the alliance not to devolve into chaos.