ABSTRACT A multilevel housing system for broilers was developed, named Patio (Vencomatic BV, Eersel, the Netherlands), in which the hatching and brooding phase are combined. In a Patio system, climate condi- tions differ from those provided in the hatchers currently in use. We compared the physiology of broilers hatched in a hatcher or in a Patio system, and included the effects of hatching time. Eggs from 1 breeder flock were incubated until embryonic d 18 in a setter and subsequently placed in a hatcher or the Patio until the end of incubation. From each hatching system, 154 chicks were collected per hatching time, at 465 h (early), 480 h (midterm), and 493 h (late) of incubation, from which 24 chicks/group were decapitated for analyses of blood plasma and organ weights. The remaining 130 chicks in each group from both systems were individually labeled and placed together in the Patio system. All chicks were given access to feed and water directly after hatch and were housed up to d 45 to monitor growth. From embryonic d 18 until the end of incubation, average ambient temperature and RH were
38.1°C and 50.8% in the hatcher and 35.2°C and 29.7% in the Patio system. Glucose and corticosterone were slightly higher in hatcher chicks, whereas organ weights were not affected by the hatching system. Although hatchling weights were lower in hatchery chicks, growth from d 0 to 45 was not affected by the hatching system. In both systems, glucose increased with hatching time, whereas lactate and triiodothyronine levels decreased. Yolk weights decreased with hatching time, whereas absolute and relative weights of the yolk-free body, intestines, stomach, lungs, and heart increased, indicating more advanced maturation of organs. Growth up to d 21 was depressed in chicks in the late group, which was possibly related to lower thyroid hormone levels at hatching. We conclude that the hatching system had minor effects on hatchling physiology and that post- hatch growth and livability were not affected. Because hatching time affected broiler physiology, it seems im- portant to take hatching time into account in future studies related to hatchling physiology.
ABSTRACT A multilevel housing system for broilers was developed, named Patio (Vencomatic BV, Eersel, the Netherlands), in which the hatching and brooding phase are combined. In a Patio system, climate condi- tions differ from those provided in the hatchers currently in use. We compared the physiology of broilers hatched in a hatcher or in a Patio system, and included the effects of hatching time. Eggs from 1 breeder flock were incubated until embryonic d 18 in a setter and subsequently placed in a hatcher or the Patio until the end of incubation. From each hatching system, 154 chicks were collected per hatching time, at 465 h (early), 480 h (midterm), and 493 h (late) of incubation, from which 24 chicks/group were decapitated for analyses of blood plasma and organ weights. The remaining 130 chicks in each group from both systems were individually labeled and placed together in the Patio system. All chicks were given access to feed and water directly after hatch and were housed up to d 45 to monitor growth. From embryonic d 18 until the end of incubation, average ambient temperature and RH were38.1° C และ 50.8% hatcher และ 35.2 องศาเซลเซียส และ 29.7% ในระบบลาน กลูโคสและ corticosterone มีสูงขึ้นเล็กน้อยในลูกไก่ hatcher ในขณะที่น้ำหนักอวัยวะไม่ได้รับผลกระทบจากระบบฟักไข่ ถึงแม้ว่าน้ำหนัก hatchling คนที่ต่ำในโรงเพาะลูกไก่ จึงไม่มีเกิดเจริญเติบโตจาก d 0-45 ระบบฟักไข่ ในทั้งสองระบบ กลูโคสเพิ่มขึ้นกับฟักเวลา ในขณะที่ลดระดับ lactate และ triiodothyronine แดงน้ำหนักลด ด้วยฟักเวลา ในขณะที่เพิ่มน้ำหนักแบบเต็ม และแบบย่อ ของแดงฟรีเนื้อ ลำไส้ กระเพาะอาหาร ปอด หัวใจ บ่งชี้ว่า พ่อแม่ที่สูงขึ้นของอวัยวะ เจริญเติบโตได้ถึง d 21 ตกในลูกไก่ในกลุ่มสาย ซึ่งอาจไม่สัมพันธ์กับระดับฮอร์โมนไทรอยด์ต่ำกว่าที่ฟักไข่ เราสรุปว่า ระบบฟักไข่มีผลรอง hatchling สรีรวิทยา และที่ หลังขณะเจริญเติบโตและ livability ไม่ถูกกระทบ เพราะฟักสรีรวิทยาไก่เนื้อเวลาที่ได้รับผลกระทบ เหมือน im-เกาะถึงเวลาฟักไข่ในการศึกษาในอนาคตที่เกี่ยวข้องกับสรีรวิทยา hatchling
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