Comparing the observed cellular upload rate of ≈ 6.4 kbit/s
(shown for the cloud-based system in Figure 5g) to the raw
event payload rate of 4
1
s × 128 bit × 8 ≈ 4 kbit/s, the system
introduces an overhead of 2.4 kbit/s. Events carry the current
location of a player as well as a unique identifier as attributes
in addition to the application payload. These attributes are
not included into the calculation of the raw event payload
rate, as their representation depends on the implementation
of the publish/subscribe mechanism and may therefore vary.
However, as this information is used by the game service, it
further reduces the actual overhead introduced by the system