An approach based on local
participation and involvement, rather than a priori theoretical perspectives,
has been described as “action” (Rivlin et al., 1986), “grounded theory” (Crano
& Brewer, 1986) or “community-active” (Foxall, 1986) research. Any of these
approaches can be considered a “community-centered” or “community-based”
approach to technology design and planning