Bronchial asthma (asthma for short) is characterized by a chronic inflammatory disease of
airways, involving a wide range of cells (such as eosinophils, mast cells, T lymphocytes, neutrophils
and airway epithelial cells), mediators and cytokines. The chronic inflammation is related to the
hyper-responsiveness of airways, which usually causes a widespread, variable and reversible airflow
obstruction. Hence the recurrent symptoms are wheezing, dyspnea, chest tight or cough, especially
during the night and the early morning. Most patients seem to recover completely after treatment.
1. Diagnosis
(1) Symptoms and signs.
(2) Investigations.
1.Sputum test: indicator of increased eosinophils.
2.Respiratory function tests: decreased PEF and FEY,.
3.Airway responsiveness: Positive results for BPT and BDT.
4.Arterial blood gas analysis test.
5.Radiological examination: chest X-ray is usually normal but may show hyperinflation in
severe or acute patients.
6.Measurement of specific allergen.
2. Differential Diagnosis
(1) Upper airway obstruction by a tumor or foreign body.
(2) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
(3) Wheezing and dyspnea caused by left heart failure.
3. Treatment
(1) Patient education.
(2) Avoidance of allergens.
(3) Drug therapies.