V. CONCLUSION
The modelling of a battery is a very complex procedure
and requires a thorough knowledge of electrochemistry. The
simulation of complete systems, as with the hybrid car, doesn’t
require such a high level of precision. It is important to
know the general behaviour of a battery (for example, it
is important to represent the fact that the voltage available
depends on the SOC and the current). The proposed model is
simple and requires few parameters (only three points on the
discharge curve are necessary). Above all, it was shown that
the model can accurately represent the discharge curves of the
manufacturers. Finally, the model is inserted in a simulation
model based on the Toyota Prius THS-II vehicle. The battery
model can be used to refine the EMS in order not to exceed
the limits of the battery. The results obtained show that the use
of this battery model makes it possible to properly represent
the transient states. It is thus possible to analyse them in order
to fine-tune the various control devices.