2. Literature Review
Torp and Moen (2006) investigated the impact of improving or implementing occupational
safety and health management system on the H&S-related behavior and musculoskeletal health
of workers and work environment, in small and medium-sized firms. Mohammad Fam et al.
(2007) presented a total ergonomics model integrating health, safety and ergonomic (HSE) in
maintenance department and control room operation of a thermal power plant in Iran. Their model takes into account both conventional ergonomics factors as well as organizational and
management factors. Using a nonparametric statistical analysis, they showed that their model is
much more beneficial than conventional approach to investigate the effects of total ergonomics
criteria on local criteria.
Høivik et al. (2009) reported a qualitative interview study of 31 personnel employed in a
Norwegian petroleum company. The aim of their study was to gain insight into how the
personnel conceptualized the concept and different aspects of HSE culture and differences
between the informants. They found competence, behavior, procedures, physical environment
and collaboration in HSE culture as important factors. They demonstrated the obtained results as
an HSE culture umbrella in the discussion for further communication on the topic. Costella et al.
(2009) presented an integrated method to evaluate health and safety management systems. Their
model integrated three main auditing methods containing structural, operational and performance
methods. In the model, four major principles of RE including flexibility, learning, awareness,
and top management commitment were taken into account. They tested their method in an
automobile manufacturing system located in Brazil as the case study. Ouedraogo et al. (2010)
analyzed the resilience of Human-Machine Systems (HMS). They achieved a state-of-the-art and
defined RE of HMS.