revealed a decreasing level of enhanced germination withincreasing doses, resulting in the lowest rate seen in all thechitosans tested at the highest dose of 80 mg/L, but this was stillsignificantly higher than that attained without chitosan. However,both O90 and P90 showed no chitosan dose-dependency to theirinduced enhancement of the germination within the tested range,whilst P70 showed a weak bell-like dose response with themaximal enhancement of seed germination being attained at20 mg/L. Taking into account, the seed viability of 94% for these D.formosum seeds, then the germination levels seen from O70 at80 mg/L and O80 at 10 mg/L treatment at 90.6 and 91.2%,respectively, would be nearly maximal compared with thatattained in the absence of chitosan at 67.8% (Fig. 4B).These results of the chitosan-mediated enhanced seed germi-nation in D. formosum outlined here are consistent with thereported effect of chitosan in other studies, such as in the priortreatment of wheat seeds infected by the plant pathogenic fungus