Silvicultural treatments currently used in different stand types are illustrated in Fig. Provincial silvicultural standards demand that cut-overs are regenerated to a hardwood and softwood stocking level similar or superior to pre-harvest levels. Hardwood stands are clear-cut and are assumed to regenerate naturally, without intervention. Regeneration occurs
primarily vegetatively, by stump sprouts and root suckers, and advanced softwood regeneration does not generally survive as the cut favors the return to hardwood-dominated stands. Careful logging, which limits machinery circulation to regularly-spaced skid trails. is used to protect advanced regeneration and soils in softwood stands. Where there is adequate advanced softwood regeneration, softwood or mixedwood stands will regenerate although fill-planting
may be required to attain a softwood dominance. Until recently, cutovers of mixedwood stands were designated as returning to either hardwood or softwood and managed to favor one cover type or the other. A mixed designation is now recognized by the provincial ministry although, in practice, new stands are often assimilated into hardwood or softwood
scenarios. Where careful logging is practised in mixedwoods, regeneration of mixed stands is generally possible However, inadequate aspen suckering because of insufficient site disturbance in the protected bands between skid trails, coupled with the invasion of shrub competition, may result in a delay in stand renewal.