1. Upgrading.This can involve the improvement
of dwellings but more usually refers to the insertion of basic infrastructure into a neighbourhood. The principal objectives of up-grading in situ are to reduce both the costs of housing improvement for the squatter and the disruption caused by clearance to a peripheral resettlement scheme. In practice the benefits vary according to the way the government
promotes the scheme and the extent to which goals other than the welfare of squatters enter the equation.