INTRODUCTION
For most insects, nutrition affects survivorship of adults and their reproductive outputs. Generally, female fecundity depends on the ingestion of proteins which are necessary for egg development whereas male fertility does not highly depend on proteins. Moreover, insects generally are unable to convert lipids to monosaccharides by themselves and carbohydrates are one notrient that both sexes use as a primary energy source.(1) Nutritional factors reportedly had profound short-term and long-term effects on the development and reproduction of insects.(2) Even though the nutritional requirements of most insects are relatively similar, the optimal sources, types, and proportions of nutrients widely vary among species Recent studies revealed that insects significantly show sex-specific differences in feeding behaviors and adult nutritional requirements. For example, young female tephritid fruit flies, Bactrocera dorsalis, (Diptera: Tephritidae) are attracted to the odors of protein food baits more than to the odors of host fruit.(3) Female peacock butterflies, Inachis io Linn. and Adonis blue butterflies, Lysandra bellagrus Linn. preferred amino acid-rich floral nectars, whereas males preferred sugar-rich floral nectars.(4 , 5) Moreover, male Madagascar hissing cockroaches Gromphadorhina portentosa (Dictyoptera: Blaberidae) preferred carbohydrate-rich foods whereas females preferred protein-rich foods.(1)
and reproductive stages.(2)
INTRODUCTIONFor most insects, nutrition affects survivorship of adults and their reproductive outputs. Generally, female fecundity depends on the ingestion of proteins which are necessary for egg development whereas male fertility does not highly depend on proteins. Moreover, insects generally are unable to convert lipids to monosaccharides by themselves and carbohydrates are one notrient that both sexes use as a primary energy source.(1) Nutritional factors reportedly had profound short-term and long-term effects on the development and reproduction of insects.(2) Even though the nutritional requirements of most insects are relatively similar, the optimal sources, types, and proportions of nutrients widely vary among species Recent studies revealed that insects significantly show sex-specific differences in feeding behaviors and adult nutritional requirements. For example, young female tephritid fruit flies, Bactrocera dorsalis, (Diptera: Tephritidae) are attracted to the odors of protein food baits more than to the odors of host fruit.(3) Female peacock butterflies, Inachis io Linn. and Adonis blue butterflies, Lysandra bellagrus Linn. preferred amino acid-rich floral nectars, whereas males preferred sugar-rich floral nectars.(4 , 5) Moreover, male Madagascar hissing cockroaches Gromphadorhina portentosa (Dictyoptera: Blaberidae) preferred carbohydrate-rich foods whereas females preferred protein-rich foods.(1)and reproductive stages.(2)
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