This discussion paper aims to examine the impact of shift work hours on, and the role of eating behavior in, the health and performance of shift workers. In doing so, we shall begin by seeking to identify what is known about shift workers’ eating behavior and the factors that shape it. We shall then consider how their dietary habits impact metabolism and performance, looking at both health out- comes and the possible underlying mechanisms. On the basis of these considerations, we shall conclude by identi- fying a set of dietary guidelines that may help to minimize the health problems experienced by shift workers