Figure 6. Student responses to Q1 at Level 2
Level 3: Appropriate Covariation. Seventy-four responses provided data for study
times for which higher values were associated with lower test scores, with the
conditions that at least three bivariate data points were shown and study time was
not a binary variable. Thirteen students drew a table of raw data, that is, bivariate
values were written and spatial position was not used to denote value—for example,
including names and repeated values (Figure 7a, G3f), or values placed on a
diagonal but without clear use of coordinates (Figure 7b, G5f). Eleven students drew
series comparison graphs for which the horizontal axis represented the six students
that Anna asked, and the vertical axis displayed study times and test scores, either in