Causes and symptoms
Gastroenteritis arises from ingestion of viruses, certain bacteria, or parasites. Food that has spoiled may alsocause illness. Certain medications and excessive alcohol can irritate the digestive tract to the point ofinducing gastroenteritis. Regardless of the cause, the symptoms of gastroenteritis include diarrhea, nauseaand vomiting, and abdominal pain and cramps. Sufferers may also experience bloating, low fever, and overalltiredness. Typically, the symptoms last only two to three days, but some viruses may last up to a week.
A usual bout of gastroenteritis shouldn't require a visit to the doctor. However, medical treatment is essential ifsymptoms worsen or if there are complications. Infants, young children, the elderly, and persons withunderlying disease require special attention in this regard.
The greatest danger presented by gastroenteritis is dehydration. The loss of fluids through diarrhea andvomiting can upset the body's electrolyte balance, leading to potentially life-threatening problems such asheart beat abnormalities (arrhythmia). The risk of dehydration increases as symptoms are prolonged.Dehydration should be suspected if a dry mouth, increased or excessive thirst, or scanty urination isexperienced.
If symptoms do not resolve within a week, an infection or disorder more serious than gastroenteritis may beinvolved. Symptoms of great concern include a high fever (102 ° F [38.9 °C] or above), blood or mucus in thediarrhea, blood in the vomit, and severe abdominal pain or swelling. These symptoms require prompt medicalattention.