This paper reported the outcomes of the investigation on heat transfer in turbochargers. The turbocharger under study was tested at constant load points for a range of engine speeds. Measurements were obtained for engine speeds between 1000 and 3000 rpm at a step of 500 rpm; for each engine speed the load applied was varied from 16 to 250 N m. The surface temperatures of three main bodies constituting the turbocharger (turbine and compressor casing, bearing housing) were measured in 17 stations.
The test results showed that the engine has a large impact on surface temperature of the turbine and compressor casing and also that the surface temperatures of both the turbine and the compressor vary linearly with the temperature of the exhaust gases. A temperature gradient was also measured between the inner and the outer wall: on the turbine side this moves outward while the opposite occurs for the compressor. The surface temperature of the bearing housing was found to vary consistently with that of the cooling oil, with a temperature difference of about ≈30 K. Similar trend to that of the bearing housing and the oil was found for the surface temperature of the exhaust manifold, with a temperature difference of up to ≈130 K on the turbine side. The compressor non-adiabatic efficiency was also evaluated; the deviation from that measured under adiabatic conditions goes from 17% to 30% as the rotational speed and air flow rate decreases. Based on the experimental results, an experimental correlation linking the compressor exit temperature with the exhaust gas temperature was proposed; the calculated temperature was found to agree well with the experimental results with a discrepancy no larger than 3%.
A 1-D model of the turbocharger was developed and validated against the experimental results. The validation against test results showed that the trend of the heat transferred through the turbine casing is well captured; the compressor exit temperature could be predicted with an uncertainty not greater than 5 K while an averaged deviation of about 3% was found for the compressor non-adiabatic efficiency.
Based on the maps generated by the model, a multiple regression analysis was carried out for the compressor non-adiabatic efficiency. In this analysis, the following explanatory variables were chosen: absolute compressor exit Mach number (M2,adi), the compression ratio (PR) and the temperature parameter (TP). The high values of the adjusted R2 ≈ 0.9 showed that the compressor non-adiabatic efficiency can be fitted with good degree of approximation by means of the selected parameters. The Mach number was found to contribute for ≈80% of the overall efficiency, the temperature parameter for ≈20% while the pressure ratio only few percentage points. The impact of the geometry on the compressor non-adiabatic efficiency was also assessed; this was found to account for about ≈2% of the overall compressor efficiency.
This paper reported the outcomes of the investigation on heat transfer in turbochargers. The turbocharger under study was tested at constant load points for a range of engine speeds. Measurements were obtained for engine speeds between 1000 and 3000 rpm at a step of 500 rpm; for each engine speed the load applied was varied from 16 to 250 N m. The surface temperatures of three main bodies constituting the turbocharger (turbine and compressor casing, bearing housing) were measured in 17 stations.The test results showed that the engine has a large impact on surface temperature of the turbine and compressor casing and also that the surface temperatures of both the turbine and the compressor vary linearly with the temperature of the exhaust gases. A temperature gradient was also measured between the inner and the outer wall: on the turbine side this moves outward while the opposite occurs for the compressor. The surface temperature of the bearing housing was found to vary consistently with that of the cooling oil, with a temperature difference of about ≈30 K. Similar trend to that of the bearing housing and the oil was found for the surface temperature of the exhaust manifold, with a temperature difference of up to ≈130 K on the turbine side. The compressor non-adiabatic efficiency was also evaluated; the deviation from that measured under adiabatic conditions goes from 17% to 30% as the rotational speed and air flow rate decreases. Based on the experimental results, an experimental correlation linking the compressor exit temperature with the exhaust gas temperature was proposed; the calculated temperature was found to agree well with the experimental results with a discrepancy no larger than 3%.A 1-D model of the turbocharger was developed and validated against the experimental results. The validation against test results showed that the trend of the heat transferred through the turbine casing is well captured; the compressor exit temperature could be predicted with an uncertainty not greater than 5 K while an averaged deviation of about 3% was found for the compressor non-adiabatic efficiency.Based on the maps generated by the model, a multiple regression analysis was carried out for the compressor non-adiabatic efficiency. In this analysis, the following explanatory variables were chosen: absolute compressor exit Mach number (M2,adi), the compression ratio (PR) and the temperature parameter (TP). The high values of the adjusted R2 ≈ 0.9 showed that the compressor non-adiabatic efficiency can be fitted with good degree of approximation by means of the selected parameters. The Mach number was found to contribute for ≈80% of the overall efficiency, the temperature parameter for ≈20% while the pressure ratio only few percentage points. The impact of the geometry on the compressor non-adiabatic efficiency was also assessed; this was found to account for about ≈2% of the overall compressor efficiency.
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