Natural regeneration may occur under shade near mother trees, but seedlings are often rare. They
seem able to establish in secondary vegetation.Naturally established seedlings in plantations can
be used as planting stock. Artificial regeneration is mainly by sowing. Seed supply is limited by the
very rapid decline in viability and the high costs of collecting seed from species whose cones
disintegrate. Close planting in Java 3m x 3m,encourages the formation of long branchless boles