pumps in the mining industry must handle fluids containing large amounts of solid particles that are continually trying to gouge and scratch the pump parts. Pumps in the chemicals and petroleum industries are subjected to corrosive chemicals, often at temperatures from 100 to 800C There are even pumps in the aluminum industry that pump molten aluminum and pumps in the papermaking industry that handle hot caustic soda sodium hydroxide) solutions. A pump with ceramic parts often will last at least 10 times longer than one made of other materials.