Figure 1 illustrates a schematic of the vacuum
system. The temperatures used were 118 °C, 125 °C, and
140 °C and a vacuum pressure of 10 Torr. The vacuum vessel was
set to the target temperature and allowed to operate for 1 h before
frying started. Fresh vegetable oil was used in all experiments.
About 5 to 6 slices of potatoes (20 to 25 g) were fried each time.