The experiment was conducted in 2002–2003 at the Experimental Farm of the University of Padova, in northeastern Italy.
In a battery of 20 lysimeters, set-up to evaluate the effects
of irrigation with urban wastewater on agrarian crops (i.e.,
maize and tomato), four units were modified to simulate at
pilot-scale the functionality of two type of vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs), one withTypha latifolia(VFCW-T)
and the other withPhragmites australis(VFCW-P). The experimental layout was a randomized block with two replicates.
The macrophyte lysimeters were surrounded by the agrarian
crop lysimeters and had a surface area of 1 m
2(1 m×1 m) and
were 1.5 m deep. They were filled with mineral materials of
increasing size from the surface to the bottom (IWA, 2000)
(Fig. 1): sand (effective size of 0.16 mm and uniformity coefficient of 2.2) in the first 16 cm, followed by two 22 cm layers
of gravel with a diameter of 4–8 mm and 8–12 mm and a 90 cm
layer of gravel 30–50 mm in diameter. The average initial internal porosity of VFCWs was 45%. Each unit was connected by
an underground pipe to a piezometer to control the water
level within the VFCW. The underground pipe also allowed
the depurated water to be collect (Fig. 1). A mobile roof automatically covered the experimental
The experiment was conducted in 2002–2003 at the Experimental Farm of the University of Padova, in northeastern Italy.
In a battery of 20 lysimeters, set-up to evaluate the effects
of irrigation with urban wastewater on agrarian crops (i.e.,
maize and tomato), four units were modified to simulate at
pilot-scale the functionality of two type of vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs), one withTypha latifolia(VFCW-T)
and the other withPhragmites australis(VFCW-P). The experimental layout was a randomized block with two replicates.
The macrophyte lysimeters were surrounded by the agrarian
crop lysimeters and had a surface area of 1 m
2(1 m×1 m) and
were 1.5 m deep. They were filled with mineral materials of
increasing size from the surface to the bottom (IWA, 2000)
(Fig. 1): sand (effective size of 0.16 mm and uniformity coefficient of 2.2) in the first 16 cm, followed by two 22 cm layers
of gravel with a diameter of 4–8 mm and 8–12 mm and a 90 cm
layer of gravel 30–50 mm in diameter. The average initial internal porosity of VFCWs was 45%. Each unit was connected by
an underground pipe to a piezometer to control the water
level within the VFCW. The underground pipe also allowed
the depurated water to be collect (Fig. 1). A mobile roof automatically covered the experimental
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..
![](//thimg.ilovetranslation.com/pic/loading_3.gif?v=b9814dd30c1d7c59_8619)