Cognitive neuroscience is still far from having a full explanation of all the different kinds of human
learning right up to the most creative leaps made by human scientists, inventors, and artists. But
thanks to research by Kandel and others, there is no doubt that many kinds of learning are the result of
identifiable brain processes. Conditioning and Hebbian learning occur in humans as well as lower
animals. The psychiatrist Norman Doidge has written an accessible book about neuroplasticity, the
enormous adaptability of the human brain that is the result of its learning mechanisms. We do not need
to have a fully worked-out account of every kind of human learning to note the substantial ongoing
explanatory successes of the hypothesis that learning is a brain process.