Memory baseline is a 64KB DRAM in 1980, with three years to the next generation until 1996 and then two years thereafter with a 7% per year performance improvement in latency.
Processor assumes a 35% improvement per year until 1986, then a 55% until 2003, then 5%
Need to supply an instruction and a data every clock cycle
In 1980 there were no caches (and no need for them), by 1995 most systems had 2 level caches (e.g., 60% of the transistors on the Alpha 21164 were in the cache)