• Death or permanent disability due to illnesses
and accidents
• Inadequate nutrition and repeated episodes of
illnesses leading to malnutrition and stunting
• Stress caused by abuse and neglect could
influence the child’s later behavior, socialemotional
development, and health
• Inadequate sensory stimulation (vision,
hearing, smell, and touch) could limit developing
brain’s capability to control language,
intellectual, emotional, psychological, and
physical responses
• Lack of language exposure could result in language
delays