Correlation Between Patient Gender and
Perceptions of Caring Behaviors
A Mann-Whitney U test was used to assess the significant
differences in caring behaviors in relation to patient gender.
As shown in Table 4, results indicated a significant difference
in overall caring behaviors in terms of importance
(p < .001) in favor of women and in terms of all caring
behaviors subscales (with the exception of existential/
phenomenological/spiritual forces) in favor of women
(p < .05). Furthermore, findings indicated that female patients
rated five caring behavior subscales as statistically