With arid regions (or drylands) covering approximately 45% of
the Earth’s land surface, dryland-farming systems may constitute
the world’s largest biome and are indispensable for food production
(Schimel, 2010). Limited water resources are the major constraints
on crop production (Rockström et al., 2007), especially when combined
with low spring temperatures (Liu et al., 2009). Despite the
potential for irrigation, most of the available water for crop growth
in semi-arid regions originates from limited precipitation (Wang
et al., 2009). Declining precipitation in the future is likely to reduce
the yields of a number of important crops and increase the threat
to the food supply in semi-arid regions (Lobell et al., 2008). As the
global population increases and drought conditions worsen, continuing
to improve rain-fed dryland agriculture with optimised
With arid regions (or drylands) covering approximately 45% ofthe Earth’s land surface, dryland-farming systems may constitutethe world’s largest biome and are indispensable for food production(Schimel, 2010). Limited water resources are the major constraintson crop production (Rockström et al., 2007), especially when combinedwith low spring temperatures (Liu et al., 2009). Despite thepotential for irrigation, most of the available water for crop growthin semi-arid regions originates from limited precipitation (Wanget al., 2009). Declining precipitation in the future is likely to reducethe yields of a number of important crops and increase the threatto the food supply in semi-arid regions (Lobell et al., 2008). As theglobal population increases and drought conditions worsen, continuingto improve rain-fed dryland agriculture with optimised
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