in amorphous regions of the granule is responsible for the increase
in cold paste viscosity with higher sucrose concentration as it
restricts the starch swelling. The in fl uence of bulking agent sorbitol
on the viscosity of starch during heating and cooling is also
explained by Ronda, Gomez, Blanco, and Caballero (20 05) .
According to this research report, the decrease in sugar-free cake
expansion is due to decrease in batter stability during the heating
stage; related to batter viscosity decrease and foam bubble size
increase; and changes in the thermosetting mechanism due to
different interactions among the bulking agent used as well as
different interactions among the bulking agent and starch and
proteins of the batter that affect starch gelatinization and protein
denaturation temperatures.