As stated, from a utilitarian framework, the ends must justify the means. From PCA’s perspective, while their poor working and facility conditions may have had a positive impact on short-term profit, the strategy was far from ethical as is evidenced by the end result. In the end, these poor business practices backfired on them. Having poor working conditions and an unsanitary facility resulted in anything but the greater good. While knowing the consequences of actions before the fact can be difficult, it was common sense to anyone conducting a simple utilitarian-based cost/benefit or risk/reward analysis that these conditions could end in disaster. This utilitarian perspective has implications for the aftermath of the crisis itself. Thus, the ends did not justify the means. In addition, lying to its publics, particularly the FDA and the companies that they supplied to, about the safety of its products, is a not an ethical act and does not benefit any of PCA’s constituent publics in any manner.