In our meta-analysis, a total of 256 patients were randomly assigned to receive ginger, and 252 patients were randomly assigned to receive placebo. Total sample size per study ranged from 23 to 235. The period of intervention lasted from 4 days to 3 weeks. Dose and method of administration of ginger also varied among studies: Basirat et al[31] used 5 biscuits per day, each containing 500 mg of ginger, whereas the others used either capsules or syrup containing approximately 1 g of ginger daily[26,32-35] ( Table 1 ).
We applied the Cochrane Risk of Bias assessment to the 6 studies; they achieved a score of at least 3 of 6 and were deemed to be of satisfactory quality.
Our primary outcome was the improvement of pregnancy-related nausea and vomiting, which was reported in all 6 studies: 180 of the 256 subjects in the ginger group and 126 of the 252 subjects in the placebo group reported improvement in symptoms of nausea and vomiting. In view of the interstudy variation in the duration and form of intervention, a random effects model was adopted. The pooled OR was 4.89, with a 95% CI of 1.88 to 12.73 (see Table 2 ). The Cochrane Q-statistic was significant at 33.72, with a degree of freedom of 5 (P < .0001) ( Table 3 ). A synthesis Forest plot was generated (Figure 1), and the corresponding funnel plot is included for reference (Figure 2). Relative risk was calculated at 1.76 (95% CI, 1.18–2.65), and the number needed to treat for a positive effect was calculated to be 5.
In our meta-analysis, a total of 256 patients were randomly assigned to receive ginger, and 252 patients were randomly assigned to receive placebo. Total sample size per study ranged from 23 to 235. The period of intervention lasted from 4 days to 3 weeks. Dose and method of administration of ginger also varied among studies: Basirat et al[31] used 5 biscuits per day, each containing 500 mg of ginger, whereas the others used either capsules or syrup containing approximately 1 g of ginger daily[26,32-35] ( Table 1 ).We applied the Cochrane Risk of Bias assessment to the 6 studies; they achieved a score of at least 3 of 6 and were deemed to be of satisfactory quality.Our primary outcome was the improvement of pregnancy-related nausea and vomiting, which was reported in all 6 studies: 180 of the 256 subjects in the ginger group and 126 of the 252 subjects in the placebo group reported improvement in symptoms of nausea and vomiting. In view of the interstudy variation in the duration and form of intervention, a random effects model was adopted. The pooled OR was 4.89, with a 95% CI of 1.88 to 12.73 (see Table 2 ). The Cochrane Q-statistic was significant at 33.72, with a degree of freedom of 5 (P < .0001) ( Table 3 ). A synthesis Forest plot was generated (Figure 1), and the corresponding funnel plot is included for reference (Figure 2). Relative risk was calculated at 1.76 (95% CI, 1.18–2.65), and the number needed to treat for a positive effect was calculated to be 5.
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