All cows were submitted to the synchronization pro-tocol as previously described in Experiment 2. How-ever, cows from each farm location at TAI were as-signed to one of four treatment groups according to the occurrence of estrus and GnRH administration (22 factorial: no estrus-no GnRH, no estrus-GnRH, es-trus-no GnRH, and estrus-GnRH). Timed AI was also
performed 48 to 52 h after intravaginal device removal