In general, a theory of global justice aims to give us an account of what justice on a global scale consists in and this often includes discussion of the following components:
identifying what should count as important problems of global justice
positing solutions to each identified problem
identifying who might have responsibilities in addressing the identified problem
arguing for positions about what particular agents (or collections of agents) ought to do in connection with solving each problem and
providing a normative view which grounds (1)–(4).
Theories of global justice aim to help us understand our world better and what our responsibilities are in it. While some theorists aim purely at theoretical understanding, others hope also to provide an analysis that can be useful in practical policy making concerning global justice matters.