Of the products tested, those containing DEET provided the longest-lasting protection (Table 1). The complete-protection times of DEET-based repel- lents correlated positively with the concentration of DEET in the repellent. The formulation containing 4.75 percent DEET provided an average of 88.4 min- utes of complete protection; the formulation contain- ing 23.8 percent DEET protected for an average of 301.5 minutes. There was a statistically significant dif- ference in complete-protection time between each DEET-based repellent and the product with the next higher concentration of DEET (P<0.001 for all com- parisons). The controlled-release formulation we test- ed did not prolong the duration of action of DEET. The alcohol-based product containing 23.8 percent DEET protected significantly longer than the con- trolled-release formulation containing 20 percent DEET (P<0.001).No non-DEET repellent fully evaluated in this study was able to provide protection that lasted more than 1.5 hours. Only the soybean-oil–based repellent was able to provide protection for a period similar to that of the lowest-concentration DEET product we tested (94.6 and 88.4 minutes, respectively).The IR3535-based repellent protected against mos- quito bites for an average of 22.9 minutes. The cit- ronella-based repellents we tested protected for 20 minutes or less. There was no significant difference in protection time between the slow-release formulation containing 12 percent citronella and the formulation
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