ATP (adenosine triphosphate) was determined by the luciferin-luciferase reaction using a Turner 20DE Luminometer and the Sigma Luciferase Kit (Sigma Chemicals). A mid-log phase culture of E. coli grown in M9G media was diluted 1:2 into fresh M9G media pre-warmed to 37 °C . The culture was divided into 25 mL subcultures and placed in a shaking water bath at 200 revolutions per minute and 37 °C. The cultures were allowed to equilibrate, with 500 HL samples removed every 5 min. One culture received 5 ug mLT final concentration CMIT and the other received a equal volume of sterile water. Over time, 500 HL aliquots were removed, added to 100 uL 1.5 M HNO3, vortexed, and allowed to sit on ice for 5 min. The samples were then diluted into 4.4 mL of 0.25 M Tris (hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane-HCI (Tris-HC), pH 7.8, and mixed. A 50 HL sample was placed in the ATP assay tube along with 50 uL of assay mix. The assays were initiated by the injection of 5 uL aliquots of a 1:10 dilution o the luciferase enzyme. Peak luminosity values were recorded, and compared to a standard curve constructed in spiked cell extracts. Control experiments demonstrated that high levels of CMIT did not inhibit the luciferase reaction.