In addition to this common architecture, cascade control can have multiple secondary loops; however, there is still one primary loop and a main controlled variable. Unfortunately, with multiple inner loops, tuning the PID becomes even more challenging, making this type of cascade less common. The secondary loops can be either independent of each other, or dependent on each other, in which case each secondary loop affects the set point of the other secondary loop. When tuning such controller, the inner most loop should be tuned first. The loop that manipulates the set point of the inner-most loop should be tuned next and so for. The figure below shows an example of using two secondary loops, independent of each other, in a fuel combustion plant. In this combustion furnace, the master controller controls the temperature in the furnace by changing the set point for the flow of fuels A and B. The secondary loops correspond to the change in the set point for the flow, by opening or closing the valves for each fuel.
In addition to this common architecture, cascade control can have multiple secondary loops; however, there is still one primary loop and a main controlled variable. Unfortunately, with multiple inner loops, tuning the PID becomes even more challenging, making this type of cascade less common. The secondary loops can be either independent of each other, or dependent on each other, in which case each secondary loop affects the set point of the other secondary loop. When tuning such controller, the inner most loop should be tuned first. The loop that manipulates the set point of the inner-most loop should be tuned next and so for. The figure below shows an example of using two secondary loops, independent of each other, in a fuel combustion plant. In this combustion furnace, the master controller controls the temperature in the furnace by changing the set point for the flow of fuels A and B. The secondary loops correspond to the change in the set point for the flow, by opening or closing the valves for each fuel.
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