CLINICAL STAGING
On the basis of the AJCC staging classification system for breast cancer, a noninvasive cancer is a Stage 0.
TREATMENT
Treatment for DCIS depends on several factors, such as the extent and grade of disease, the classification, the patient's health, and medical history. Surgery, lumpectomy or simple mastectomy, is the standard treatment for DCIS and is intended to completely remove all cancer cells. Adjuvant treatments, such as radiation therapy and hormonal therapy, may be given to reduce the risk of DCIS recurring.
Women with LCIS may be given the option of a lumpectomy or mastectomy. Many clinicians advocate for a local excision with close follow-up that includes mammography twice yearly and a clinical examination every 3 to 4 months. Women with LCIS may be given hormone therapy to reduce the risk of recurrence in both the affected breast and the bilateral breast.
PROGNOSIS
The prognosis for women with noninvasive beast cancer is near a 100% 5-year survival rate.
PREVENTION
The prevention of noninvasive breast cancers is not specifically reported but is thought to be the same as for invasive breast cancer (see Invasive Breast Cancer ).
References
Baum and Schipper, 2005. Baum M., and Schipper H.: Fast facts—breast cancer. Oxford: Health Press, 2005.
Bernice, 2005. Bernice M.: Nursing care of the client with breast cancer. In Itano J.K., and Taoka K.N. (eds): Core curriculum for oncology nursing, 4th ed. St. Louis: Elsevier Saunders, 2005. pp. 492-511
Breast cancer, 2002. Breast cancer : In Yarbro C.H., Frogge M.H., and Goodman M. (eds): Clinical guide to cancer nursing, 5th ed. Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett, 2002. pp. 226-239
Breast cancer (PDQ): treatment. Breast cancer (PDQ): treatment. Retrieved November 29, 2006, from http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/breast/patient
Levin. Levin M.: [object Object]. Retrieved November 29, 2006, from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000913.htm
Chapman and Moore, 2005. Chapman D.D., and Moore S.: In Yarbro C.H., Frogge M.H., and Goodman M.M. (eds): Cancer nursing principles and practice, 6th ed. Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett, 2005. pp. 1022-1088
Jemal et al., 2007. Jemal A., Siegel R., Ward E., et al: Cancer statistics, 2007. Cancer Journal for Clinicians 2007; 57: pp. 43-66
Cross Ref
Breast cancer, 2002. Breast cancer : In Yarbro C.H., Frogge M.H., and Goodman M. (eds): Clinical guide to cancer nursing, 5th ed. Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett, 2002. pp. 226-239
Breast cancer (PDQ): treatment. Breast cancer (PDQ): treatment. Retrieved November 29, 2006, from http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/breast/patient
Levin. Levin M.: [object Object]. Retrieved November 29, 2006, from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000913.htm
Chapman and Moore, 2005. Chapman D.D., and Moore S.: In Yarbro C.H., Frogge M.H., and Goodman M.M. (eds): Cancer nursing principles and practice, 6th ed. Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett, 2005. pp. 1022-1088
Ductal carcinoma in-situ (DCIS). Ductal carcinoma in-situ (DCIS). Retrieved November 29, 2006, from http://cancer.stanford.edu/breastcancer/dcis.html
Lobular carcinoma in-situ (LCIS). Lobular carcinoma in-situ (LCIS). Retrieved November 29, 2006, from http://cancer.stanford.edu/breastcancer/lcis.html