•As long as The king could command greater human resources than his rivals he would be able to maintain his superiority.
•In 1585 and 1586 the heir to the Ayutthaya throne, Naresuan, was able to rally local forces and declare his independence from Burma. He not only strengthened the city's defencesbut set in motion reforms which enabled Ayutthaya to retain a tighter hold over its subjects. in 1593 meant Ayutthaya was once again free.•The triumph of Ayutthaya was a reflection of Burma's fragmentation. Large-scale military expeditions proved impossible to sustain from the capital at Pegu, and there was considerable loss of manpower as villagers fled to escape military service.
•Just as serious was the fact that the delicate relationship which Bayinnaunghad built up between different ethnic groups began to fall apart.