3. Percent unemployed was also examined separately in the analyses and found to be nonsignificant. Therefore, it was not included with the rest of the results presented.
4. The item, “If someone offends you and doesn't apologize, you lose respect,” is most consistent with other recent measures of oppositional culture (Stewart & Simons, 2006), and it was therefore also examined as a single item. The findings for this single item were no different substantively than for the index.
5. In cases where there was more than one offender (n = 94) and all of the offenders were not of the same gender or same race (n = 12 for gender; n = 8 for race), the case was coded male if any of the offenders were male, and African–American if any of the offenders were African American.
6. The percentage of robberies that involved guns in these analyses were based solely on the crime codes, which for this time period specified the presence of guns.
7. Obviously, neighborhoods without robberies could not be included in the study, as they would provide no data on the dependent variable.
8. In these analyses, which were carried out at the incident level, the standard deviation for faith in the police variable was .146. Percentage change = 100 {exp(b(sdx))−1}.
9. Specifically, in the analysis without the twenty-five “other weapons” cases (and hence a smaller N), disadvantage and percent young males no longer reached significance in the bivariate analysis, but the significance level for faith in the police increased in all of the analyses.