and others. These regulations require companies to identify the financial and operational risks inherent to their business processes, and establish the appropriate controls to address them. Although the focus of
these regulations is on financial aspects, they illustrate the desire to make processes
transparent and auditable. The ISO 9000 family of standards is another illustration
of this trend. For instance, ISO 9001:2008 requires organizations to model their operational processes. Currently, these standards do not force organizations to check
conformance at the event level. For example, the real production process may be
very different from the modeled production process. Nevertheless, the relation to
conformance checking is evident. In this chapter, we take a more technological perspective and show concrete techniques for quantifying conformance and diagnosing
non-conformance. However, before doing so, we briefly reflect on the relation between conformance checking, business alignment, and auditing.