In this study, women represented for 52.9% in the cataract cohort, and the mean age was 63.4 years. Compared with previous studies, the distribution of demographic data showed higher similarity; further verify the accuracy of NHIRD cataract patient population [18]. After controlling for age, gender and comorbidities, patients with cataracts had a 1.48-fold higher risk of developing PAOD compared with patients without cataracts within 12 years follow-up period. We conducted a subgroup analysis to identify the impact of cataract and other PAOD-associated medical comorbidities on the development of PAOD. Except for diabetes mellitus, a higher PAOD risk was demonstrated among patients with cataracts than those with respective comorbidities of CAD, heart failure, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and stroke. Additional researches are warranted to confirm the significance of our finding.