4. Conclusions
Aflatoxin B1 (AfB1) adsorption from water was comparable for Novasil plus, activated carbon, and other clays. Animal feeding studies, however, have shown that Novasil plus effectively prevents aflatoxin toxicity, but activated carbon is much less effective. In contrast, AfB1 retention from aqueous corn flour was consistent with animal feeding studies. Novasil plus retained much more AfB1 from aqueous corn flour than activated carbon. A low-charge montmorillonite modified with the small phenyltrimethylammonium organic cation (SWy-PTMA) retained much more AfB1 from aqueous corn flour than the untreated clay. The PTMA cation is considered toxic and would not be acceptable for use in feed additives, but choline and carnitine are small nutrient compounds that would be suitable in feed additives. Low-charge montmorillonites modified with choline and carnitine (SWy-Choline, SWy-Carnitine) retained much more AfB1 from aqueous corn flour than Novasil plus and retained comparable amounts as SWy-PTMA. Low-charge clays modified with choline, carnitine, or other small nutrient or non-toxic compounds might be used in animal feed or human food to reduce aflatoxin toxicity.
4. Conclusions
Aflatoxin B1 (AfB1) adsorption from water was comparable for Novasil plus, activated carbon, and other clays. Animal feeding studies, however, have shown that Novasil plus effectively prevents aflatoxin toxicity, but activated carbon is much less effective. In contrast, AfB1 retention from aqueous corn flour was consistent with animal feeding studies. Novasil plus retained much more AfB1 from aqueous corn flour than activated carbon. A low-charge montmorillonite modified with the small phenyltrimethylammonium organic cation (SWy-PTMA) retained much more AfB1 from aqueous corn flour than the untreated clay. The PTMA cation is considered toxic and would not be acceptable for use in feed additives, but choline and carnitine are small nutrient compounds that would be suitable in feed additives. Low-charge montmorillonites modified with choline and carnitine (SWy-Choline, SWy-Carnitine) retained much more AfB1 from aqueous corn flour than Novasil plus and retained comparable amounts as SWy-PTMA. Low-charge clays modified with choline, carnitine, or other small nutrient or non-toxic compounds might be used in animal feed or human food to reduce aflatoxin toxicity.
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