The properties of BTEX compounds mean that most releases end up in the atmosphere, although some can be bound (relatively briefly) to soils and sediments. They react with other air pollution and are broken down, returned to the earth or involved in the formation of photochemical smog. Normal environmental concentrations of BTEX are unlikely to damage the environment, but higher concentrations resulting from a spillage are moderately toxic to aquatic life. Significant bio-accumulation and concentration through the food chain is unlikely. As VOCs, BTEX compounds are involved in the formation of ground level ozone which can damage crops and materials. BTEX is not however thought to have any environmental effects at a global level.