Moreover, the efficient market hypothesis is found to be impossible in a famous paper by Grossman and Stiglitz(1980). They point out that if all market participants had the same level of understanding of the market and the process impacting prices, then there would be a free-rider problem and no would have an incentive to bear the cost of collecting any information-they would just observe the price instead. Hence all available information will not be priced in, hence no EMH. Again Buiter(2009):
'Even during the seventies, eighties, nineties and noughties before 2007, the manifest failure of the EMH in many key asset markets was obvious to virtually all those whose cognitive abilities had not been warped by a modern Anglo-American Ph.D.education.'
In response to these weaknesses,efforts to preserve the RET while jettisoning the need for the EMH have relied largely on the existence of asymmetric information,and on the distinction between fundamental information on the one hand,and on the other, the knowledge,including informal knowledge, on which investors base their decisions.
Moreover, the efficient market hypothesis is found to be impossible in a famous paper by Grossman and Stiglitz(1980). They point out that if all market participants had the same level of understanding of the market and the process impacting prices, then there would be a free-rider problem and no would have an incentive to bear the cost of collecting any information-they would just observe the price instead. Hence all available information will not be priced in, hence no EMH. Again Buiter(2009):'Even during the seventies, eighties, nineties and noughties before 2007, the manifest failure of the EMH in many key asset markets was obvious to virtually all those whose cognitive abilities had not been warped by a modern Anglo-American Ph.D.education.'In response to these weaknesses,efforts to preserve the RET while jettisoning the need for the EMH have relied largely on the existence of asymmetric information,and on the distinction between fundamental information on the one hand,and on the other, the knowledge,including informal knowledge, on which investors base their decisions.
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