These and additional findings such as on host–plant use are discussed in comparison to other biogeographic regions. By reviewing the status of the known diversity, evaluating their phylogenetic diversification and predicting the number of gracillariid species yet to be described in the Neotropics, we aim to establish a corresponding basis for future taxonomic studies in the region, suggesting research priorities and scientific actions, as well as the existence of potential difficulties to be surpassed regarding taxonomic impediment,if any.