In addition, beef samples that were formulated with eHMP (30% coating level) or uSPP or eSPP (30% coating level), and underwent fast heating rate had higher pH levels (5.80, 5.61, 5.65, respectively) at day 0 compared to a slower heating rate (5.77, 5.58, 5.59, respectively; std error, 0.03). But this difference was not evident at days 1 and 7.