2. Materials and methods
The validation of the bread baking model needed to perform
baking experiments for getting temperature vs. time data and
weight loss measurements. The baking test was repeated three
times, with a couple of analog cases and a third case with different
initial weight for a sensitivity analysis. Since the experimental data
are consistent between the series of experiments, only one configuration
is presented and discussed in details.
2.1. Bread samples
Samples were prepared using a standard recipe for bread:
wheat flour (100%), water (58%), salt (2% g), dry yeast (2%). The
flour composition is (g per 100 g): carbohydrates (70.8), proteins
(12.0), fats (1.5), fibers (3), water (12.7). Dough was made by mixing
the ingredients manually, then underwent double leavening
process for a total time of about 1 h at ambient temperature. The
individual sample of about 810 g (shaped as an Italian ‘‘Pagnotta