The remainder of fruit fly larvae from each sting- ing unit was placed in separate holding cups (11 cm- diameter) provisioned with vermiculite (W. R. Grace, Cambridge, MA) for fruit fly pupation. After 9–10 d fruit fly pupae were sifted with a mesh screen (1 mm2). A cohort of 200 pupae was sampled and then placed in emergence cups with mesh-screen covers until eclo- sion of parasitoids. Pooled counts of emerged parasit- oids and dead parasitoid cadavers in uneclosed pupae were recorded. Percent yields of parasitoid progeny in each treatment was expressed as a ratio of total number of parasitoids that developed per 200 pupae sampled.