ITSM is a process-oriented service improvement framework similar to Total Quality Management (TQM), Business Process Management (BPM), and Business Process Re-engineering (BPR).ITSM and TQM are evolutionary approaches, unlike BPM and BPR which are revolutionary. Institutional theory provides a perspective to explore organisational change over time. It delivers a valuable foundation to understanding ITSM adoption. Bala and Venkatesh [2007] applied institutional theory to explore inter-organisational business process standards (IBPS) and noted many organisations implemented only a few of the IBPSs. They referred to this situation as limited deployment.