Some social environments promote creativity, whereas others
can inhibit it. Traditional management practices and organizational
structures where not designed to foster creativity. On the
contrary, the focus was on conformity and predictability.
The main metaphor for an organization was the machine.
Considerable changes have occurred in the more than
100 years since Frederick Taylor articulated his model of
‘scientific management,’ but it is telling that it has only been
in the last two decades that there has been any sustained
research into environments that foster creativity, and creativity
in the workplace. The research indicates that the characteristics
of creative environments are paradoxical or ‘cybernetic’
in the sense that they involve navigating between ‘creative
tensions’ such as being too challenging or too boring, specialization
and a broad outlook, autonomy and the need for
respect and approval, and so on.
Some social environments promote creativity, whereas otherscan inhibit it. Traditional management practices and organizationalstructures where not designed to foster creativity. On thecontrary, the focus was on conformity and predictability.The main metaphor for an organization was the machine.Considerable changes have occurred in the more than100 years since Frederick Taylor articulated his model of‘scientific management,’ but it is telling that it has only beenin the last two decades that there has been any sustainedresearch into environments that foster creativity, and creativityin the workplace. The research indicates that the characteristicsof creative environments are paradoxical or ‘cybernetic’in the sense that they involve navigating between ‘creativetensions’ such as being too challenging or too boring, specializationand a broad outlook, autonomy and the need forrespect and approval, and so on.
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