where respondents are asked to give their agreement or disagreement with positive or negative statements on the 5-point Lickert scale. Response scales of negative statements were reversed and recoded so that the higher value means more positive attitude (i.e. agreement with a positive statement or disagreement with a negative statement). Data from the staff were collected using 12 items measure (AAQ–12) of a general form (originally part of the 38-item version of AAQ) investigating general attitudes to ageing